July 25 in History: India’s Presidents, First IVF Baby, Spacewalk & MCQs

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TODAY IN HISTORY • SCIENCE • SPACE • INDIAN POLITY • MCQs

July 25 in History: India’s Presidents, First IVF Baby, First Woman Spacewalk and Aviation Milestone

Learn the most important events associated with July 25: Louis Blériot’s English Channel flight, the fall of Mussolini, Louise Brown’s historic birth, Svetlana Savitskaya’s spacewalk and major milestones connected with the office of the President of India.

Updated: July 25, 2026 Student and Educational Focus UPSC • APPSC • SSC • Railway • Police Exams
Historical Highlights of July 25 July 25 connects aviation, world politics, medical science, space exploration and Indian constitutional history. In 1909, Louis Blériot crossed the English Channel by aeroplane. In 1943, Benito Mussolini was removed from power. Louise Brown, the first person born after conception through IVF, was born in 1978. Soviet cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya became the first woman to perform a spacewalk in 1984. The date is also important for India because several Presidents began their terms on July 25, including K. R. Narayanan, Pratibha Patil and Droupadi Murmu.

For competitive examinations, focus on the “firsts”: first Channel crossing by aeroplane, first IVF-conceived baby, first woman spacewalker, first Dalit President of India and first woman President of India. These facts are frequently tested through direct questions, match-the-following items and chronology-based MCQs.

Quick Facts at a Glance

1909Blériot crossed the English Channel
1978First IVF-conceived baby was born
1984First woman performed a spacewalk
2022Droupadi Murmu took presidential oath

1. Louis Blériot Crossed the English Channel – 1909

1909

A Landmark in Early Aviation

On July 25, 1909, French aviator and engineer Louis Blériot made the first successful aeroplane flight across the English Channel.

He flew from Les Barraques near Calais in France to Dover in England in a Blériot XI monoplane. The Smithsonian records the distance as about 22 statute miles, or 36.6 kilometres.

The crossing demonstrated that powered aircraft could travel across international waters and helped accelerate public and military interest in aviation.

PilotLouis Blériot
AircraftBlériot XI
RouteNear Calais to Dover
FieldAviation history
Exam PointFirst successful aeroplane crossing of the English Channel: Louis Blériot, July 25, 1909.

2. Benito Mussolini Was Removed from Power – 1943

1943

A Turning Point in Fascist Italy

On July 25, 1943, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was dismissed by King Victor Emmanuel III and placed under arrest.

The action followed a vote against Mussolini by the Grand Council of Fascism during a period of severe military crisis for Italy in the Second World War.

Marshal Pietro Badoglio became the new head of government. Mussolini was later rescued by German forces and installed as leader of the German-backed Italian Social Republic in northern Italy.

Exam PointMussolini’s fall from power: July 25, 1943; country: Italy; monarch: King Victor Emmanuel III.

3. Louise Brown, the First IVF-Conceived Baby, Was Born – 1978

1978

A Defining Moment in Reproductive Medicine

On July 25, 1978, Louise Joy Brown was born in England. She became the world’s first baby born after conception through in vitro fertilisation, commonly known as IVF.

IVF involves fertilising an egg with sperm outside the body in a laboratory and later transferring an embryo to the uterus.

The achievement resulted from the work of physiologist Robert Edwards, gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe and embryologist Jean Purdy. It opened a new era in fertility treatment.

Student NoteThe commonly used phrase “test-tube baby” is informal. The scientifically accurate term is a baby conceived through in vitro fertilisation.
Exam PointWorld’s first IVF-conceived baby: Louise Brown; born on July 25, 1978, in England.

IVF: Simple Science Revision

TopicStudent-Friendly MeaningExam Keyword
Full formIn Vitro FertilisationFertilisation outside the body
First successful birthLouise Brown, 1978United Kingdom
Key scientistsRobert Edwards, Patrick Steptoe and Jean PurdyReproductive medicine
Basic processEgg and sperm are combined in a laboratory; an embryo is later transferredAssisted reproductive technology

4. Svetlana Savitskaya Became the First Woman to Walk in Space – 1984

1984

A Historic Spacewalk

On July 25, 1984, Soviet cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya became the first woman to perform a spacewalk, also called an extravehicular activity or EVA.

She carried out the spacewalk outside the Salyut 7 space station during the Soyuz T-12 mission.

Do not confuse this record with the first woman in space. That earlier achievement belonged to Valentina Tereshkova, who flew aboard Vostok 6 in 1963.

First woman in spaceValentina Tereshkova, 1963
First woman spacewalkerSvetlana Savitskaya, 1984
Space stationSalyut 7
MissionSoyuz T-12
Exam PointFirst woman to perform a spacewalk: Svetlana Savitskaya on July 25, 1984.

5. July 25 and the Office of the President of India

INDIA

Important Constitutional Milestones

July 25 has become an important date in India’s presidential history. Several Presidents have begun their five-year terms on this date.

Three especially important examination facts are connected with K. R. Narayanan, Pratibha Devisingh Patil and Droupadi Murmu.

DatePresidentExam-Relevant Distinction
July 25, 1997K. R. Narayanan10th President; first Dalit and first person from Kerala to hold the office
July 25, 2007Pratibha Devisingh Patil12th President; first woman President of India
July 25, 2012Pranab Mukherjee13th President of India
July 25, 2022Droupadi Murmu15th President; from a Santhal tribal family
Updated Exam Point — 2026Droupadi Murmu, sworn in on July 25, 2022, was serving as the 15th President of India when this post was updated on July 25, 2026.

President of India: Essential Static GK

Constitutional ArticleArticle 52 provides that there shall be a President of India
Executive powerArticle 53
ElectionIndirect election by an electoral college
Normal termFive years
Oath administered byChief Justice of India, or the senior-most available Supreme Court judge
Official residenceRashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi

July 25 Quick Revision Table

YearHistorical EventKey Fact
1909Louis Blériot crossed the English ChannelBlériot XI monoplane
1943Benito Mussolini was removed from powerDismissed by King Victor Emmanuel III
1978Louise Brown was bornFirst IVF-conceived baby
1984Svetlana Savitskaya performed a spacewalkFirst woman spacewalker
1997K. R. Narayanan began his presidential term10th President of India
2007Pratibha Patil assumed officeFirst woman President of India
2022Droupadi Murmu was sworn in15th President of India
Trick: “Plane – Power – Pregnancy – Space – President” Plane = Blériot crossed the Channel, 1909
Power = Mussolini removed, 1943
Pregnancy = First IVF-conceived baby, 1978
Space = First woman spacewalk, 1984
President = Major Indian presidential terms began on July 25

10 MCQs

1. Who made the first successful aeroplane flight across the English Channel on July 25, 1909?
Answer: A) Louis Blériot.
The French aviator flew from near Calais to Dover in a Blériot XI, covering about 36.6 km.
2. Which aircraft was used by Louis Blériot for his historic Channel crossing?
Answer: B) Blériot XI.
The Blériot XI was an early monoplane whose Channel crossing demonstrated the practical potential of powered flight.
3. Benito Mussolini was removed from power in Italy on July 25 of which year?
Answer: C) 1943.
After a vote by the Grand Council of Fascism, King Victor Emmanuel III dismissed Mussolini and had him arrested.
4. Who was the world’s first baby born after conception through IVF?
Answer: A) Louise Brown.
Louise Joy Brown was born in England on July 25, 1978, marking a major milestone in reproductive medicine.
5. What is the full form of IVF?
Answer: B) In Vitro Fertilisation.
In IVF, fertilisation takes place outside the body in a laboratory before an embryo is transferred to the uterus.
6. Who became the first woman to perform a spacewalk on July 25, 1984?
Answer: C) Svetlana Savitskaya.
The Soviet cosmonaut performed the spacewalk outside the Salyut 7 space station during the Soyuz T-12 mission.
7. Svetlana Savitskaya’s historic 1984 spacewalk took place outside which space station?
Answer: C) Salyut 7.
Savitskaya became the first woman to carry out extravehicular activity while serving aboard Salyut 7.
8. K. R. Narayanan, who began his presidential term on July 25, 1997, was India’s:
Answer: C) 10th President.
He was also the first person from Kerala and the first Dalit to hold the office of President of India.
9. Who assumed office on July 25, 2007, as the first woman President of India?
Answer: B) Pratibha Devisingh Patil.
She served as India’s 12th President from July 25, 2007, to July 25, 2012.
10. Droupadi Murmu was sworn in on July 25, 2022, as which President of India?
Answer: C) 15th President.
She is from a Santhal tribal family and was serving as President of India when this article was updated on July 25, 2026.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the most important aviation event associated with July 25?

Louis Blériot completed the first successful aeroplane crossing of the English Channel on July 25, 1909.

2. Who was removed from power in Italy on July 25, 1943?

Benito Mussolini was dismissed by King Victor Emmanuel III and arrested after the Grand Council of Fascism voted against him.

3. Who was the first IVF-conceived baby?

Louise Joy Brown, born in England on July 25, 1978, was the first person born after conception through IVF.

4. Who was the first woman to perform a spacewalk?

Soviet cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya performed the historic spacewalk outside Salyut 7 on July 25, 1984.

5. Who was India’s first woman President?

Pratibha Devisingh Patil assumed office as the 12th President of India on July 25, 2007.

6. Who is the President of India as updated on July 25, 2026?

Droupadi Murmu, who was sworn in as the 15th President on July 25, 2022.

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Official Sources and References

Educational Disclaimer This article is prepared only for education, general awareness and competitive-examination preparation. Historical, constitutional and scientific information has been simplified for students and updated on July 25, 2026.

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